Classics in the History of Psychology -- Tolman (1948)
نویسنده
چکیده
I shall devote the body of this paper to a description of experiments with rats. But I shall also attempt in a few words at the close to indicate the significance of these findings on rats for the clinical behavior of men. Most of the rat investigations, which I shall report, were carried out in the Berkeley laboratory. But I shall also include, occasionally, accounts of the behavior of non-Berkeley rats who obviously have misspent their lives in out-of-State laboratories. Furthermore, in reporting our Berkeley experiments I shall have to omit a very great many. The ones I shall talk about were carried out by graduate students (or underpaid research assistants) who, supposedly, got some of their ideas from me. And a few, though a very few, were even carried out by me myself.
منابع مشابه
Texts and Politics: Postcolonial Revaluations of two British Classics
The major argument of this essay is that Kipling treats the colonial subject as the "other," and Forster proves to be almost as pro-Empire as writers like Kipling. Nevertheless, A Passage to India is eloquent in rejecting British values and introducing Indian voices. This novel records a shift in attitude in terms of exposing the bitter realities about and attitudes of British imperialists. Des...
متن کاملA Historical Investigation into Combatting Smallpox in Iran: 1948–1967 (First to Third Development Projects)
Smallpox was a dangerous disease that was considered one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in Iran up to Pahlavi II period. Therefore, combatting this disease was necessary. At the beginning of the second development plan (1955) and by founding Combatting Smallpox Service, the efforts for eradicating smallpox became more organized. This organization could overcome a lot of the d...
متن کاملSECTION OF MEDICAL HISTORY IN THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (Victorian Branch).
THIs flourishing society, which was founded in 1948, is closely associated with the Medical School Library. In the course of the reorganization of the Library which took place after the war it was discovered that the collection contained a number of the classics of medicine. Interest thus awakened was fostered by the Librarian, Mrs. Lilian Sargeant, and by Professor Arnold Sorsby, who is at the...
متن کاملThe Importance of Action History in Decision Making and Reinforcement Learning
We investigate the hypothesis that historical information plays an important role in learning action selection via reinforcement learning. In particular, we consider the value of the history of prior actions in the classic T maze of Tolman and Honzik (Tolman & Honzik 1930). We show that including a sequence of actions in the state makes it possible to learn the task using reinforcement learning...
متن کاملELEMENTS OF PSYCHOPHYSICS Sections VII and XVI
[Classics Editor's note: This translation of these passages from Fechner's Elemente der Psychophysik first appeared in Rand, Benjamin (Ed.)(1912). The Classical Psychologists (pp. 562-572). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, and was reprinted in Herrnstein, Richard J. & Boring, Edwin G. (Eds.)(1965). A Source Book in the History of Psychology (pp. 66-75). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The pag...
متن کامل